Chemical Investigation of Polygonatum verticillatum

 

Rakesh Saini¹*, Saurabh Chaturvedi¹, M. Shahar Yar², H. P. Bhartiya³ and Pratibha Singh³

¹Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur (U.P)

²Jamiya Hamdard University, New Delhi

³ Govt. P.G. College Hamirpur (U.P)

*Corresponding Author E-mail: rakeshpsit.saini@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Polygonatum verticillatum, Convallariaceae erect glabrous herb upto 20 cm. in height with thick root stock. Upper part of the stem the leafy zig –zag grooved, leaves whorled sensible linear or lanceolate flowers 2-3 together, white, pinkish and white or pale green in whorled racemes fruits berries, red when ripe. Root stock is sweet, cooling, Emollient, Diuretic aphrodisiac, galactogogue, appetizing, tonic. It is useful in vitiated condition of  pitas and vat, burning sensation fever, stongury, seminal weakness, anorexia and general debility. The author have done some work and isolated few higher fatty acids from the rhizome of this plant.

 

INTRODUCTION:

Polygonatum verticillatum; Common name: Whorled Solomon's seal; Family: Convallariaceae; Synonyms: Convallaria verticillata; Habitat: Margins of woods, clearings and shady rocky places, usually on acid soils, Perennial growing to 1.2m by 0.45m . It is hardy to zone 5. It is in flower from June to July. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees. The plant is self-fertile.

 

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soil. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) or semi-shade (light woodland). It requires moist soil.

 

Extraction of oil:

The Shade dried rhizomes (500 gm) Power of Polygonatum verticillatum was used for essential oil extraction by Clevenger’s apparatus. The condensate was treated with n-Hexane. The n-Hexane layer was separated and dried over anhydrous Na₂ SO₄ and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure in a thin film rotatory evaporator at 300 C. The residual oil yield was 3 ml. we have identified five compounds A, B, C, D, E as below.

 

Gas Chromatographic Analysis: The oil was analyzed by gas. Chromatograph using flame ionization detector (FID).  The temperature programming used is given below.

Injection Temperature          :              240 ⁰ c

Detector Temperature          :              280⁰ c

Initial Temperature               :              60⁰    c

Programming run rate          :              30/ min.

Total run time                       :              35 Min.

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

GC-MS Screening of Essential Oil of Polygonatum verticillatum:

The essential oil Polygonatum verticillatum was analyzed by using GC-ms for identification of minor constituents of the essential oil which could not be isolated by means of repeated column chromatography and HPLC method . The gas chromatograph (table) showed the presence of various compounds the analysis revealed that the oil was dominated with long chain fatty acid and esters of compounds A, B, C, D and E. These were identified on the basis of GC-MS results Table and Literature search.

 

There was no literature report on essential oil of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum so for. This is the first work on essential oil of rhizomes of this plant and first time isolated long chain fatty acids and esters from the Polygonatum verticillatum.  Compounds were identified as follows.

 

Identified Compound- A.

Molecular formula-  C₁₂H₂₄O₂

Molecular weight- 200

Mass spectra- (M⁺) (200), 171, 157, 127, 115, 87 and 55.

GC-MS Data of oil of P. Verticilatum

Sr. No.	Retention Time	[M+]	Major Fragments	Compound
A	19.44	200	[ M+] (200),171,157,129,115, 87,(100)  55	CH3(CH2)10COOH
B	24.96	228	[ M+] (228),199,185,171,143,129 87,(100)115,41	CH3(CH2)12COOH
C	27.36	242	[ M+] (242),213,199,185,157,129 115,87,(100),55	CH3(CH2)13COOH
D	28.82	270	[ M+] (270),227,199, 171, (100), 143,87,55	CH3(CH2)15COOH
E	30.14	256	[ M+] (256),240,171,129,87 (100),,55	CH3(CH2)14COOH

 

 

 

 

 

 

Melting Point -   44 ⁰C (Lit.)

The above results led us to conclude the structure was compound A as – Dodecanoic acid or Lauric acid. CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COOH

Structure-

 

Identified Compound - B

Molecular formula-  C₁₄H₂₈O₂

Molecular weight- 228

Mass spectra- (M⁺) (228), 199, 185, 171, 129, 115, 87 (100) and 115.

Melting Point -   58 ⁰C (Lit.)

The above results led us to conclude the structure was compound B as – Tetra decanoic acid or  myristic acid. CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH

Structure-

 

Identified Compound-  C

Molecular formula-  C₁₅H₃₀O₂

Molecular weight- 242

Mass spectra- (M⁺) (242), 213, 199, 185, 129, 115, 87 (100) ,55.

Melting Point -   62 ⁰C (Lit.)

The above results led us to conclude the structure was compound C as – Penta decanoic acid. CH₃ (CH₂)₁₃COOH

Structure-

 

Identified Compound - D

Molecular formula-  C₁₇H₃₄O₂

Molecular weight-   270

Mass spectra- (M⁺) (270), 227, 199, 171, (100) 143, 101, 87 and 55.

Melting Point -   66 ⁰C (Lit.)

The above results led us to conclude the structure was compound C as – Penta dodecanoic acid. CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH

Structure-

 

Identified Compound - E

Molecular formula-  C₁₆H₃₂O₂

Molecular weight- 256

Mass spectra- (M⁺) (256), 171, 129, 87 (100) and 55.

Melting Point -   64 ⁰C (Lit.)

The above results led us to conclude the structure was compound E as – hexa decanoic acid or Palmitic acid. CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH\

 

Structure-

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are highly thankful to the Central drug research Institute   (CDRI) Lucknow and Dr. H.P Bhartiya (HOD) Govt. P.G. College Hamirpur (U.P) for providing necessary facilities.

 

REFERENCES

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3.       Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press 1962

4.       Polunin. O. and Stainton. A. Flowers of the Himalayas. Oxford Universtiy Press 1984

5.       T .Tanaka.. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing 1976

6.       A.Huxley. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5

7.       G. S Thomas. Perennial Garden Plants J. M. Dent and Sons, London. 1990 ISBN 0 460 86048 8

8.       N. P. Manandhar.Plants and People of Nepal Timber Press. Oregon. 2002 ISBN 0-88192-527-6

 

 

 

Received on 20.03.2009        Modified on 09.05.2009

Accepted on 12.06.2009        © AJRC All right reserved